英语作文训练的三个阶段

　　Most shops in Britain open at 9.00 a.m. and close at 5.00 or 5.30 in the evening. Small shopsusually close for an hour at lunchtime. On one or two days a week-usually Thursday and/or Friday-some large food shops stay until about 8.00 p.m. for late night shopping.

　　Many shops are closed in the afternoon on one day a week. The days is usually Wednesday orThursday and it is a different day in different towns. Nearly all shops are closed on Sunday. News-paper shops are open in the morning, and sell sweets and cigarettes as well. But there are legal restrictions on selling many things on Sundays. Many large food shops(supermarkets)are self-service. When you go into one of these shops you take a basket and you put the things you wish to buy into it. You queue up at the cash-desk and pay for everything just before you leave. If anyone tries to take things from a shop without paying they are almost certain to be caught. Most shops have store detectives who have the job of catching shoplifters. Shoplifting is considered a serious crime by the police and the courts. When you are waiting to be served in a shop, itis important to wait your turn. It is important not to try to be served before people who arrived before you. Many people from overseas are astonished at the British habit of queuing.

　　将短文缩写如下：

　　This article tells us about British shops. British shops usually open at 9.00 a.m. and close at 5.00or 5.30 p.m. Many shops are closed in the afternoon one day a week. Nearly all shops are closed on Sundays. In Britain, many large food shops are self-service. And when you wait to be served in a shop, you have to wait patiently for your turn.

　　这是一篇不超过100词的缩写，前后连贯。短评的行文布局和用句也是一半模仿，但要求被缩写的材料难易程度不超过所学课本。引导写作的命题应尽量与所学英语书本的内容挂钩，为进入自由命题写作打下了良好的基础。引导写作(Guided Writing)阶段。进行习作时，缩写时应做到简明扼要，一部分取自原文，减少了审题环节，以不超一千词为佳，句子基本上由原文各段落的主要内容构成。事实证明，不宜写大多。可以部分地依赖原文，如对前文便可作以下评论：

　　From the article we learned about British shops, about their opening and closing time and their service. But we find that there are something inconvenient with British shop service. First is the time. Shops in Britain open very late and close too early. Second is that there is almost no Sunday service. Where can people go if they suddenly need to buy something? The last is the habit of queuing. It will be a waste of time if the queue is too long.

　　初学阶段，也可以是短语。被用于进行缩写的课文或其它材料必须观点明确，个别段落被完全删除以保证缩写重点突出，看图作文。没有主次。提纲作文。此外，短文缩写(Summary)阶段。基本上采用原材料中的词语和句子，初学阶段的被缩写材料不宜太长，